I.
Systemic Antacids: These may be absorbed from the gut into the blood
circulation and cause alkalosis. So they may also called as systemic alkalisers
when they are used by injection to relieve acidosis in the blood, especially in
diabetic coma. Sodium bicarbonate, a
systemically absorbed antacid, was one of the first antiulcer drugs. Because it
has many side effects (sodium excess, causing hypernatremia and water
retention; metabolic alkalosis caused by excess bicarbonate; and acid rebound
[excess acid secretion]), sodium bicarbonate is seldom used to treat peptic
ulcers.
Calcium carbonate is most effective in neutralizing acid;
however, one third to one half of the drug can be systemically absorbed and can
cause acid rebound. Hypercalcemia and Burnett syndrome, formerly called
milk-alkali syndrome, can result from excessive use of calcium carbonate.
Burnett syndrome is intensified if milk products are ingested with calcium
carbonate. It is identified by the presence of alkalosis, hypercalcemia, and in
severe cases, by crystalluria and renal failure.
1) Sodium bicarbonate
2) Potassium citrate
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